Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501SHIELDING PERFORMANCE OF SUPERCONDUCTING STRUCTURES1163348410.21608/iceeng.2006.33484ENMohamed A HEleiwaPh.D., The Egyptian Armed Forces.Journal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />Electromagnetic shielding is one of the most promising applications of<br />superconductors that still needs further investigation. An enhanced model is therefore<br />proposed to design optimum shielding structures made from different low and high criticaltemperature<br />(LTS & HTS) superconductors. The proposed model incorporates classical<br />electrodynamics with both superconductivity macroscopic theories such as two-fluid model,<br />Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory, and microscopic Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory.<br />Thermodynamic properties are also included using improved Gorter-Casimir relations based<br />on published experimental data. General shielding effectiveness expressions are derived for<br />different superconducting shielding structures against generally polarized incident<br />electromagnetic waves. A computer algorithm is then developed to investigate the impact of<br />superconducting material parameters on shielding effectiveness. The limitations and<br />advantages of superconducting shielding structures are also discussed.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501COMPUTER MODELING FOR NUCLEAR AND LIGHTNING ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE (EMP) PROPAGATION AND COUPLING193349710.21608/iceeng.2006.33497ENMohamed A. H.EleiwaPh.D., Egyptian Armed Forces.Journal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />This paper is primarily concerned with modeling EMP propagation and coupling to<br />determine the external electromagnetic fields about, and hence the induced voltages and<br />currents in complicated systems such as aircrafts, missiles, satellites, vehicles, buildings etc.,<br />under the illumination of Nuclear EMP (NEMP) or Lightning EMP (LEMP). Based on the<br />transmission line (telegrapher) equations, a numerical procedure is developed to determine the<br />distributed voltages and currents induced along the transmission lines exposed to NEMP and<br />LEMP electromagnetic fields. The proposed procedure is applied to predict the EMP<br />interaction with practical configurations such as a combat vehicle, over head power lines and<br />telecommunication cables. The induced voltages are calculated and compared favorably with<br />the published results, and hence the accuracy of the proposed procedure is proven. Such<br />accurate coupling model is necessary for application of vulnerability assessment and<br />protection techniques.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501SHIELDING CHARACTERISTICS OF AN INFINITELY EXTENDED CONDUCTING STRIP-ARRAY EMBEDDED IN MULTILAYERED DIELECTRIC CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURE1153349910.21608/iceeng.2006.33499ENElregaily H.A.Egyptian Armed Forces.Mohktar M.M.Egyptian Armed Forces.Allam A.M.Egyptian Armed Forces.Journal Article20190528Abstract<br />A plane wave excitation of an infinitely extended conducting strip-array embedded in<br />multilayered dielectric cylinder, as a shielding structure, has been studied. Based on the<br />Green’s functions, the integral equation is formulated for describing the current on a<br />conducting strip-array. Using Galerkin's method, the surface currents on the conducting strips<br />are expanded in the form of series weighted Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind and the<br />unknown coefficients are obtained by solving a resultant system of linear equations.<br />The validity of the formulation and the accuracy of the numerical solution are demonstrated<br />for different array geometries. The numerical results depict the penetrated (near-zone) and the<br />scattered (far-zone) fields for four different array geometries. Some of these results are<br />compared to the simulated results using Zeland Fidelity Workshop (ZFW), and a good<br />agreement was achieved.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501REGION OF INTEREST-BASED MEDICAL IMAGE COMPRESSION, WITH APPLICATION TO MRI BRAIN IMAGES1133350010.21608/iceeng.2006.33500ENH. AboelsoudM.Egyptian Armed Forces.M. EGadalaEgyptian Armed Forces.A. S.RagabEgyptian Armed Forces.Abdalla S.AhmedCairo University.Journal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />MRI Medical imaging produces human body pictures in digital form. Since these imaging<br />modalities produce incredible amounts of data, therefore, compression is necessary for storage<br />and communication purposes. Many current compression schemes provide a very high<br />compression rate but with considerable loss of quality. On the other hand, in some areas in<br />medicine, it may be sufficient to maintain high image quality only in the region of interest,<br />i.e., in diagnostically important regions. This paper discusses a hybrid technique for lossless<br />compression in the region of interest, with high-rate lossy compression in other regions. Such<br />techniques are of great interest in telemedicine or medical imaging applications with large<br />storage requirements. In doing so, we are able to achieve a relatively high compression ratio<br />for the MRI images, while preserving the lossless contents of important regions. An<br />application to MRI Brain imaging with the special interest on tumor are presented.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501MEASURING DEPTH OF ANESTHESIA USING BISPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (EEG)163350110.21608/iceeng.2006.33501ENEssam A.,M.Graduate student, Biomedical Department, MTC, Cairo, Egypt.A. Elkfafi,S.PHD, Electronic Department, MTC, Cairo, Egypt.Alian,M.Professor, Electronic Department, Modern Academy, Cairo, Egypt.E.GadallhaProfessor, Biomedical Department, MTC, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />The assessment of patient brain state during surgery has long been an objective of research in the<br />field of automated electroencephalogram (EEG), since EEG signals contain a wealth of information<br />about brain functions, there are many approaches to analyzing EEG signals with spectral<br />techniques. In this paper the bispectral analysis was applied to EEG signals obtained from patients<br />under general anesthesia by using BSA software (bispectrum analyzer software version 3.31B) [1-<br />4]. The bispectral values (BIS) was normalized to 100 while awake and decreasing gradually to a<br />level between 0 and20 as the patient was anaesthetized. The clinical signs such as heart rate (HR)<br />and blood pressure (BP) of the level of anesthesia were observed simultaneously. Conclusion, the<br />bispectral analysis of EEG signals obtained from patients under general anesthesia gives accurate<br />index to measure depth of anesthesia.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501MIDDLE LATENCY AUDUTORY EVOKED RESPONSE FOR MONITORING DEPTH OF ANESTHESIA USING FUZZY LOGIC SYSTEM193350210.21608/iceeng.2006.33502ENEssam A.,M.Graduate student, Biomedical Department, MTC, Cairo, Egypt.A.ElkfafiPHD, Electronic Department, MTC, Cairo, Egypt.S.AlianProfessor, Electronic Department, Modern Academy, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />The depth of anesthesia is generally considered adequate if the patient neither moves in response to<br />surgical stimulus nor shows any signs of autonomic reflexes. So the measuring of depth of<br />anesthesia is very important because it helps the anesthetist to monitor the anesthetic state of the<br />patient from the start of giving the anesthetic drugs up to the patient awareness and helps him to<br />control the required amounts of the anesthetic drugs during the surgery. The middle latency<br />auditory evoked response (MLAER) was seemed to be the most promising measure of DOA, which<br />is independent of the agent being used; the monitoring of DOA is complex and dependent on many<br />factors, which vary between patients and operating procedures. Fuzzy set theory can be adapted for<br />handling complex and inexact knowledge (DOA). This paradigm seems to be suitable for medical<br />process, since it depends upon expert experiences which are not precisely quantifiable such as<br />patients' subjective sensations, interpretation of clinical signs and effects of instrumental accuracy.<br />The aim of this paper is to extract significant features from the processed auditory evoked response<br />(AER) signal using ARX model which, describing the changes in amplitudes and latencies of<br />MLAER waves and merging together using fuzzy logic to create a reliable index for DOA every 30<br />sec.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501Region of interest-based medical image compression with application to MRI brain image1163350410.21608/iceeng.2006.33504ENAshraf D.ElbayoumyAdvanced Signals Laboratory, School of Engineering Design & Technology,
University of Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK, ademahmo.Simon J.ShepherdAdvanced Signals Laboratory, School of Engineering Design & Technology,
University of Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK, ademahmo.Journal Article20190528Abstract:<br />VoIP represents the future of digital voice communications and many carriers are<br />preparing for the VoIP revolution. However, a number of outstanding issues need to be<br />settled. The most important are security, compression, packet size optimization, quality<br />of service and performance in heterogeneous networks. We have addressed all of these<br />issues [1,2,3,4] and here we summarise our key findings in each of these areas.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501An Implementation of the Run-Length Decode Algorithm using FPGA183350510.21608/iceeng.2006.33505ENGouda IsmailSalamaPh.D., Egyptian Armed Forces.Fawzy ELtothamyHassanPh.D., Egyptian Armed Forces.Ramy MohammedBahyM.Sc., Egyptian Armed Forces.Sameh ShawkyIbrahimB.Sc., Egyptian Armed Forces.Journal Article20190528Abstract:<br />This paper presents a real time implementation of Run-Length Decode (RLD) using FPGA as<br />one of image decompression algorithms. The RLD algorithm is the decoder of the Run-<br />Length Encode. RLD can be implemented either on commercial DSP or as an ASIC but due<br />to the huge development in the FPGA field, it is recommended to use the FPGA technology.<br />The design steps from design entry to files which are needed for the download process are<br />developed. Also, the method of testing the downloaded design is explained.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501SYMMETRIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY USING WINDOWSBASED GRID COMPUTING FRAMEWORK1123350610.21608/iceeng.2006.33506ENAhmedSerag EldinDepartment of Computer Science, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt.IsmailAbd ElghafarDepartment of Computer Science, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt.AlaaAhmedDepartment of Computer Science, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt.GoudaIsmailDepartment of Computer Science, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />This paper deals with one of the most critical computing problems which is Cryptography<br />application, it is one of the problem that needs high computing power resources.<br />This paper introduces Symmetric Key Cryptography using DES (Data Encryption Standard)<br />algorithm and employs a computing Grid for dealing with this problem. It presents a Grid for<br />solving this problem that has been implemented by Alchemi which is an open source project<br />developed at the University of Melbourne, which provides middleware for creating an<br />enterprise grid computing environment by harnessing windows machines. The grid has been<br />tested and results have been analyzed, there was an increase in performance over the single<br />processor, but the performance improvement is limited by the I/O and communication<br />overhead.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501MULTI-AGENTS MODEL TO ENHANCE THE NAVIGATION PROCESS IN A VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT1163351410.21608/iceeng.2006.33514ENIsmailAbd-ElghafarKhaledEl-MenshawyAli AliFahmyJournal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />Due to the rapid evolution of graphics hardware, interactive Virtual Environment is<br />becoming popular on desktop personal computers. The use of the Virtual Environment as a<br />simulation system becomes very important for certain types of applications, especially in the<br />fields of education and entertainment. These synthetic environments are even more attractive<br />for the user when they exhibit dynamic characteristics. The most important problem of using<br />the synthetic Environment is navigation process. The ability to navigate and interact in a<br />Virtual Environment is essential for certain types of applications, such as virtual classrooms,<br />on-line museums and games. Many 3D virtual environments, whether representing existing<br />places or imaginary ones typically leave the user alone and partially or totally unassisted in<br />navigating the environment Navigation process deals with the problem of finding<br />path/trajectory between two locations under some constraints. In this paper, a model of multiagents<br />is developed to enhance the navigation process and interaction with the users of the<br />synthetic Virtual Environment It describes how agents can work together to solve their task.<br />Usually, this requires some kind of inter-agent communication.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501Mobility Modeling Techniques1253351610.21608/iceeng.2006.33516ENMahmoud AbdallaM.IsmailAbd-ElghafarMohamedG.MahmoudHassanJournal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />Performance is critical to the success of any software system, especially large and real<br />time ones. Performance for such systems should be predicted as early as in the requirements<br />analysis and design phases of the development process and before code implementation. This<br />is essential to save the investments of money and time. Several Software Performance<br />Engineering (SPE) approaches have been proposed to predict and validate the performance of<br />software systems from its architectural designs. Some of them have been applied successfully<br />to static (non-mobile) systems. Performance modeling and analysis of mobile systems is more<br />complex than non-mobile ones. Although mobile systems are gaining more and more<br />widespread and importance, the means for their specification are still underdeveloped. The<br />obstacle that faces extending static software performance prediction approaches to be applied<br />to mobile systems is to find a way to model the mobility behavior of software components.<br />In this paper, we are concerned with two performance prediction approaches that have<br />been provided with mobility modeling techniques. This enables us to use them for<br />performance validation of mobile systems. The paper’s main focus is on presenting two<br />mobility modeling techniques that were proposed for these two approaches in detail. Our<br />objective is to study, analyze and compare them. The framework of each approach is also<br />presented to see how both the technique and the approach fit together.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM BASED ON HUMAN IRIS RECOGNITION1143351710.21608/iceeng.2006.33517ENOsama FathyHegazyPhd. Computer Science Department, Cairo Higher Institute for Computers, Information and
Management, Cairo Academy, Golf Region, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />The biometric person identification technique based on the pattern of the human iris is a very<br />costly top secure application. This paper describes a personal identification system based on<br />the human iris imaging through providing a set of algorithms that describes image acquisition,<br />image segmentation, feature extraction and pattern forming. For image acquisition, we present<br />an image enhancement algorithm in order to get more accurate image feature results. In<br />addition, we propose a boundary localization algorithm, which used to find the pupil<br />boundary. A new iris recognition method that analyzes local variations of the iris is used to<br />construct a Feature Selection Vector (FSV) that can be used to extract features of any iris<br />image size. Extensive experimental results using Pearson's correlation coefficient to verify<br />one’s identity on CASIA iris images database shows that the proposed system is effective and<br />encouraging.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501Binary Space Partitioning algorithm for the navigator agent in the Virtual Environment1163352510.21608/iceeng.2006.33525ENKhaledElmenshawyIsmailAbd-ElghafarAli AliFahmyJournal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />Virtual environment can be brought to life by adding walking characters (navigator agent)<br />to enhance the navigation process. The navigator agent helps the visitor to find specific locations<br />in the virtual environment. It is specialized in determining appropriate free and safe paths through<br />the virtual environment, and can provide guidance to the user that tries to follow such paths. Path<br />finding depends on a number of waypoints to be set out in the virtual environment. The navigator<br />agent receives an initiation message from the headquarter agent depends on the reaction of the<br />watching agent and sends a request to the navigation module to plan the shortest and safe path.<br />This paper discusses the development of a real-time navigation algorithm for the navigator agent<br />as a guide tour through the virtual environment. The algorithm is handled by two channels. The<br />first is the 3D Graph, which contains all nodes and path structure information. The second is the<br />Motion Planning channel, which calculates the fastest route through the path structure from the<br />current position to a destination position. This algorithm is called Binary Space Partitioning<br />Algorithm (BSP). BSP divides the 2D map of the Virtual Environment into two configurations or<br />more depending on the start and destination locations, after that it generates two trees, one from<br />the initial side (Tstart) and the second from the destination side (Tgoal). The navigator agent uses<br />join algorithm to connect these trees together. A path is found when the two trees can be<br />connected. Finally, the navigator agent provides two choices for the user, the first one it draws a<br />generated path on the scene, then the user follow this path or, the second choice is the navigator<br />agent calls the animation algorithm to move on the path as a tour guide for the user. The time has<br />been taken to explore the virtual environment by using the Binary Space Partitioning algorithm is<br />decreased approximately by the half compared by the traditional motion-planning algorithms.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501Mobile Agent as a digital coin For clone detection and double spending prevention193352910.21608/iceeng.2006.33529ENMostafaSalamaM. Sc. Engineer, Arab Academy for Science and Technology, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt.MohamedKoutaProfessor of computer sciences, Arab Academy for Science and Technology, Heliopolis, Cairo.MohamedAbu-RizkaProfessor of computer sciences, Arab Academy for Science and Technology, Heliopolis, Cairo.Journal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />Mobile agent and digital coin represent two growing technologies in E-Commerce<br />systems. However, mobile agent systems suffer problems of cloning agents and the<br />inability to detect the user who cloned the agent. While digital coin suffers a problem of<br />spending the same coin more than once i.e. double spending. Merging these two<br />technologies into one scheme may solve such arising problems. Lam-Wei’s Scheme [1]<br />proof that the double spending detect-and-accuse cloning algorithm in e-cash can be used<br />to detect-and accuse cloning offenders. The presented paper follows an opposite approach<br />to this scheme as it implements a digital coin as mobile agent using some cryptographic<br />concepts. This proposed scheme implements an E-cash system that prevents the double<br />spending problem.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501DESIGN OF A 10-BIT NON-LINEAR INTERPOLATION DAC173353010.21608/iceeng.2006.33530ENKhaledShehataProfessor, Electronics Departement, AASTMT, Cairo,Egypt.Saleh M.EisaT.A., Electronics Departement, AASTMT, Cairo,Egypt.HaniFikryProfessor, Electronics Departement, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.TarifElshafieyDr., Electronics Departement,MSA, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />This paper presents a novel design for a 10 bit DAC. The design is to be integrated in a direct<br />digital frequency synthesizer (DDFS). The design consists of three main modules, a nonlinear<br />course DAC, a linear fine DAC, and a nonlinear interpolation DAC. Each of these modules<br />contributes in enhancing the DAC performance. The DAC is then integrated, and simulated<br />using Mentor Graphics Tools. The simulation was done using a 3.3V, 0.35u CMOS<br />technology. The design has an advantage over the published DACs in its simplicity and<br />repeatability. The design operates at higher output frequency with considerable spectral<br />purity.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501Analysis Study of Path Rerouting And Handover Schemes for WATM/LEO Satellite Networks1263353310.21608/iceeng.2006.33533ENA. F.HASSANA.ALMOGAZYH.HEFNAWYJournal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />One of the major design issues in Wireless ATM and LEO satellite networks is the<br />support of rerouting and handover schemes. The management of mobile terminal<br />handover and rerouting algorithms are the most technical challenges in the recent<br />integrated wireless /LEO satellite networks.<br />Connection rerouting schemes must exhibit low handoff latency, maintain efficient<br />routes and limit disruption continuous media traffic while minimizing reroute update<br />process to the network switches.<br />Fast and seamless handoffs are the two factors in the planning to enhance the<br />Performance Evaluation of the QOS for different mobile services.<br />The objective of this paper is to analyze the different algorithms of connection<br />rerouting and handoff schemes used in wireless ATM networks and LEO satellite<br />networks.<br />The analysis of this case study creates a new vision for design implementation<br />aspects, which improve the delay and QOS performance of the rerouting and handoff<br />methods used in integrated WATM /LEO satellite networks.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501HARDWARE REALIZATION OF DIGITAL WAVES USING ORTHOGONAL FUNCTIONS1113353410.21608/iceeng.2006.33534ENAbbasi S.A.Department of Electrical Engineering, KSU, Riyadh.Alamoud A. R.M.Department of Electrical Engineering, KSU, Riyadh.Qasim S.M.Department of Electrical Engineering, KSU, Riyadh.Journal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />Different kinds of functions are required for today’s Electronics and Communication<br />applications with very precise characteristics like frequency, phase, magnitude and waveform<br />etc. A technique for Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based hardware realization has<br />been developed for the design, implementation and prototyping of useful functions in digital<br />form. The technique makes use of the orthogonal functions like Rademacher and the Walsh<br />functions for the hardware realization. The FPGA based hardware realization of sinusoidal,<br />triangular, and trapezoidal waveforms in their digital form has been demonstrated with good<br />results. A comparative study of hardware realization of such functions targeted to various<br />FPGAs available from Xilinx has been made. It is concluded that virtually any periodic<br />function may be realized directly in its digital form (without the need of Analog to Digital<br />conversion) with the help of FPGAs using orthogonal functions.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501Hybrid Key Management for Group Communications1203353510.21608/iceeng.2006.33535ENAhmedAbdel-HafezEgyptian Armed Forces.AliMiriSchool of Information Technology and Engineering University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.LuisOrozco - BarbosaSchool of Information Technology and Engineering University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.AhmedAbdel- RahmanHigher Technological Institute, 10th of Ramadan.Journal Article20190528Abstract<br />Due to the increased popularity of group oriented applications and protocols, securing<br />group communications has become a critical networking issue and has received much attention in<br />recent years. A secure and efficient group key management protocol is the most fundamental<br />challenge in group communication security. While key transport protocols may be appropriate for<br />key establishment in large networks, many collaborative applications require distributed key<br />agreement protocols. Proposals for key agreement protocols that have been published so far does<br />not scale for large size group. In this paper we propose a novel framework for scalable key<br />management protocols in group communication, using both Key Agreement and Key transport<br />protocols. Our framework is based on a particular clustering of the members of the secure<br />communicating group into subgroups. We describe a protocol to achieve this clustering scheme.<br />We describe the architecture and operation of this framework using GDH.2 as a building block.<br />We show that our framework is scalable to large groups with frequent membership changes.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501Performance Analysis of Hybrid DS/SFH System Over AWGN Channel193353610.21608/iceeng.2006.33536ENAbdelmoneim M.FoudaCol. Dr.,Ezz E.FaroukLt. Col. Dr.,G. H.AlshamariEng.,Journal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />In recent years, the trend in the spread spectrum communication systems is to use the<br />combined hybrid techniques. The use of a hybrid systems attempt to capitalize upon the<br />advantages of a particular method while avoiding the disadvantages. Many different hybrid<br />combinations are possible; those are: DS/FH hybrid system, DS/time hopping hybrid system,<br />FH/time hopping hybrid system, and DS/FH/time hopping hybrid system.<br />In this paper, we will be concern on the DS/FH hybrid system that can combine the<br />advantages of both DS and FH while avoiding some of their disadvantages. This hybrid<br />system can combine the anti-multipath effectiveness of DS system with good anti-jamming<br />and good anti-far problem features of FH systems. Moreover, the hybrid system has shorter<br />signature sequences and hopping patterns, thus reducing the overall acquisition time. While a<br />disadvantage of hybrid systems is the increased complexity of their transmitter and receiver.<br />The paper presents general closed form of the system BER formula which will be derived<br />assuming non-coherent hybrid DS/SFH-SSMA over AWGN channel and employing MFSK.<br />Moreover, the analysis is extended to include the derivation of the closed form of BER for<br />both the pure FH and pure DS SSMA. Then, the hybrid DS/SFH system performance<br />measures is compared with the performance of both the pure DS-SSMA and the pure FHSSMA<br />system subjected to the same channel conditions.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF TRELLIS CODED MODULATION SCHEMES WITH ASYMMETRIC QPSK IN LAND MOBILE SATELLITE FADING CHANNELS1133353710.21608/iceeng.2006.33537ENSalahEL-AgoozEgyptian Armed Forces.Gamal MabroukAbdel-HamidEgyptian Armed Forces.Amru HassanHafezEgyptian Armed Forces.Journal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />This paper is concerned with evaluating the performance of trellis coded modulation<br />schemes with asymmetric QPSK when transmitted through a land mobile satellite channel.<br />The channel exhibits fading and shadowing as well as additive white Gaussian noise. Fading<br />and shadowing cause both envelope and phase variations of the received signal. However, it is<br />assumed that the effect of the fading on the phase of received signal is fully compensated<br />using a pilot tone calibration technique. The paper provides an upper bound of pairwise error<br />probability of TCM schemes with both asymmetric and symmetric QPSK modulations.<br />Numerical results show that TCM with asymmetric QPSK provides better performance in<br />terms of bit error probability over TCM with symmetric constellations in Nakagami-m<br />distribution fading channel.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501AIRCRAFT RECOGNITION BASED ON ISODENSITY AND ORDINARY MOMENTS1103354010.21608/iceeng.2006.33540ENA ASomaieEgyptian Armed Forces.+University of Calgary, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Calgary, Canada.Journal Article20190528Abstract<br />The ability to extract and describe the salient features represents the most difficult task of<br />the aircraft recognition systems. In this paper, an aircraft recognition system based on the<br />isodensity lines associated with the three-dimensional reflectivity of the model is illustrated.<br />A recognition algorithm is described, which uses combination of 2-D moments in threedimensional<br />isodensity maps to represent the aircraft as a feature vector containing 2L elements.<br />Using a distance-weighted k-nearest neighbour rule as a classifier, the algorithm achieves<br />a highly recognition rate when applied to 336 test images that represent six aircraft models. The<br />same procedures are applied using the first two components of invariant moments, and the first<br />system was found superior to this system with about 15% using the same number of isodensity<br />lines.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501Performance Analysis of Multicarrier DS-CDMA with Maximum Ratio Combining for Land-Mobile Satellite Channel1133354110.21608/iceeng.2006.33541ENSalahEl-AgoozM.T.C., Kobry El-Koppa, Cairo, Egypt.Gamal MabroukAbdel-HamidM.T.C., Kobry El-Koppa, Cairo, Egypt.S.Shams El-deinM.T.C., Kobry El-Koppa, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />Two classes of multicarrier direct sequence code-division multiple-access are defined, namely<br />Multitone DS-CDMA and Orthogonal multicarrier DS-CDMA. Their performances are considered<br />over land mobile satellite channels with L-branch diversity using maximum ratio combining<br />technique. The average bit error rate for the two classes are investigated and compared using<br />coherent binary phase shift keying modulation. It is assumed that the channel consists of Nakagami<br />distributed shadowed line-of-site signal plus Rayleigh distributed multipath signals. Using<br />measured channel parameters, the performance is evaluated for light, average and heavy shadowing<br />and fading environments.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501THE EFFECT OF IMPERFECT SYMBOL TIMING ESTIMATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SPACE-TIME CODED SYSTEMS1133354310.21608/iceeng.2006.33543ENHazem Abu ElhassanRadiYahya Z.MohassebAliElmogazyJournal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />This paper addresses the effects of errors in symbol timing estimation on t<br />performance of space time coded systems. Fixed and uniformly distributed timing errors w<br />different variances are assumed. Furthermore, the improvement of timing estimates w<br />increase in signal to noise ratio is modeled to yield practical expectations of performan<br />This symbol timing–error is applied to a simple transmit diversity scheme using QPSK<br />8PSK modulations. This paper could be useful guide for definition of requirement in symb<br />timing systems used in space time coding systems.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501Performance Analysis of Strapdown Inertial Navigation Algorithms1213354510.21608/iceeng.2006.33545ENAhmedAzouzEzz EldinFaroukAhmedEl-SaidJournal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />In this work the theory of strapdown inertial navigation is introduced. The strapdown<br />inertial navigation algorithms using Euler angles, direction cosines, and quaternions<br />methods are derived. Reference flow charts of strapdown INS algorithms for attitude<br />calculation based on Euler angles, direction cosines, and quaternions methods are<br />derived.Simulation examples applied on the navigation of Aerosonde UAV.<br />Simulation results are analyzed to explore the differences between the different<br />algorithms to conclude the most reliable algorithm of strapdown inertial navigation<br />algorithms.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501DESIGN OF PIPELINED AES ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM USING FPGA1243354710.21608/iceeng.2006.33547ENAlaa El DinRohiemKamel MohamedHassanAhmed M.El-AminJournal Article20190528ABSTRACT:<br />In this paper, we present developed design procedures for a pipelined Advanced<br />Encryption Standard [AES] encryption algorithm using Field Programmable Gate Array<br />[FPGA].The design procedures starting from entering the design parameters until<br />functional simulation and testing have been introduced in this paper. System throughput<br />of 1.408Gbps has been achieved, whereas the published results for similar systems are<br />much less than this rate [4-7].Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501Novel routing algorithm using a bi-directional bubble sort for non-Manhattan channel routing.1103354810.21608/iceeng.2006.33548ENKhaled A.ShehataAmr M.BauymiWaleedAbd El-HameedTarifEl-ShafieyJournal Article20190528Abstract<br />A non-Manhattan channel router uses fewer routing tracks than a Manhattan one.<br />Many optimizations exist for the non-Manhattan channel routing to minimize the<br />number of vias as well as the crosstalk between the layers [7, 8].<br />In this paper, we propose a direct implementation of an optimal three-layer bubblesort-<br />based non-Manhattan channel routing algorithm. This direct implementation<br />minimizes the time complexity of the three-layer routing problem. We also implement<br />a five-layer technique to reduce the channel height of our three-layer algorithm<br />without affecting its time complexity.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501Design for Testability of Circuits and Systems; An overview1243355010.21608/iceeng.2006.33550ENEmad H.KhalilEgyptian Armed Forces.M. H.El-MahlawyEgyptian Armed Forces.FawzyIbrahimEgyptian Armed Forces.M. H.Abdel-AzeemEgyptian Armed Forces.Journal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />Integrated circuits (ICs) are reaching complexity that was hard to imagine. ICs incorporating<br />hundreds of millions of transistors, mega-bit memories, complicated pipelined structures, etc.,<br />are in high demand. Obviously, designing such complex circuits poses real challenges to<br />engineers. Certainly, no relief comes from the competitive marketplace, with increasing<br />demands for a very narrow window of time (time-to-market) in engineering a ready product.<br />Therefore, a systematic and well-structured approach to designing ICs to be testable is a must.<br />With the growth in complexity of very large scale integration (VLSI) circuits, test generation<br />for circuits is becoming increasingly difficult and time consuming. Even though the<br />computing power and resources have multiplied dramatically over last few decades, an<br />increasing number of memory elements in VLSI circuits require more effective and powerful<br />sequential test generators. This paper is represented to review concepts and techniques for<br />testing electronic circuits and systems as part of a lecture review.<br />This covers various testing and design-for-test (DFT) techniques starting from (Automatic<br />Test Equipment) ATE basics (definition, construction and types). Exploring testing strategies<br />for digital combinational and sequential circuits, and introduces a comparative study between<br />the common fault models. Finally the paper ends with design for testability guiding rules and<br />possible challenges and difficulties that need development and research in the testing<br />problem.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501FPGA HARDWARE IMPLIMENTATION FOR EXTERNAL MODEM INTERFACING193355210.21608/iceeng.2006.33552ENIslam TawfikAbouGindiaMilitary Technical College, Cairo, Egypt.KhaledShehataCollege of Engineering, Arab Academy for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt.M. A.ElkfafiMilitary Technical College, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190528Abstract:<br />Intelligent modems used in military messaging over IP networks require flow control<br />mechanism to prevent overflow of data into its buffers. We contribute for a complete flow<br />control mechanism with built in UART module. All modules are designed using VHDL<br />design entry. All modules are simulated, synthesized then integrated, and downloaded on an<br />FPGA. Timing Simulation results found to be matching with the hardware results obtained<br />from the logic analyzer.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501Simulation of Circuits Including Non-linear and Dispersive Media153355310.21608/iceeng.2006.33553ENMohamed H.Abd. El-AzeemAssociate Professor, Electronic Department, Military technical College, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190528Abstract<br />The TLM (SCN) algorithm has been modified to simulate structures which include non-linear<br />and dispersive media. There are a wide variety of practical problems which include non-linear<br />and dispersive media and these so far have not been fully simulated using TLM. Furthermore,<br />all dielectric media possess some dispersion characteristics and these characteristics should be<br />included if an accurate simulation is to be performed. We describe in this paper how the TLM (SCN)<br />algorithm can be modified to include non-linear and dispersive media.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501Modeling of Current-Voltage Characteristics of Deep Submicron MOSFET193355410.21608/iceeng.2006.33554ENAL-Kabbani, A. S.S.Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University.Hassan, M. F.M.Higher Institute of Technology, Benha University.Serag El-Deen,M.Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University.Journal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />One of the deficiencies of many MOSFET models is that they are regional and can have<br />discontinuities at the boundaries between regimes. This causes problems for deriving the<br />conductance in circuit simulation.<br />In this paper, a physical one-dimensional MOSFET model is developed. Discontinuities<br />between linear and saturation regimes are avoided using one-region closed-form equation for<br />the drain current. The strong inversion current-voltage (I-V) characteristics for submicron nchannel<br />MOSFET which is suitable for circuit simulation and rapid process characterization are<br />presented. The model is also suitable as a starting solution for two-dimensional numerical<br />modeling.<br />The resulting drain current is continuous over the entire operating range of the transistor. The<br />calculated drain current is in agreement with publishing data using similar approaches.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501NEW AUTOMATIC TESTING ARCHITECTURE FOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS1143355610.21608/iceeng.2006.33556ENSherifAnasEgyptian Armed Forces.Mohamed H.El-MahlawyEgyptian Armed Forces.Ehab A.El-SehelyEgyptian Armed Forces.Al-Emam S.RagabEgyptian Armed Forces.Journal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />In this paper, a complete example for BIST (Built-In Self-Test) boundary scan architecture<br />and 16-bit multiplier as the CUT is presented. Adding BIST boundary scan capabilities to the<br />digital VLSI integrated circuit design makes the electronic card testable from five pins TMS,<br />TCK, TDI, TDO and TRST* that is optional. The simulation and then design download are<br />presented on the Spartan Xilinx X2C100 chip. The hardware implementation is tested using<br />the interfacing through the parallel port of the personal computer that supplies required five<br />control pins. This approach will lead to the concept of the portable ATE (Automatic Test<br />Equipment). All required test circuitry is embedded in the integrated circuits and the control<br />of the test circuitry is supplied from the TAP (Test Access Port) controller. Finally, the TAP<br />controller is controlled from the parallel port of the personal computer. So, the personal<br />computer is used as a master controller and the TAP controller is used as a slave controller.<br />The presented idea of the new BIST testing architecture solves the testing problem of the<br />digital VLSI circuits using the traditional ATE.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501DETERMINATION OF THE GOODNESS OF FIT OF A DISTRIBUTION TO A SET OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA1153355710.21608/iceeng.2006.33557ENAshraf Mamdouh A.AzizAssociate Professor, Electrical Eng. Dept., Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190528Abstract<br />Many systems of interest involve phenomena that exhibit unpredictable variation and<br />randomness. For example, communication systems must provide continuous and error free<br />communication over channels that are subject to random noise. Probability models are one of<br />the tools that enable the designer to successfully build systems that are efficient and reliable.<br />Processing of random signals postulates a probability model that is defined by the probability<br />density function of the random signal. In this paper, we propose a method to determine the<br />goodness of fit of a distribution to a set of experimental data. The proposed method depends<br />on the chi-square test. It is applied to different examples of different probability density<br />functions. The proposed method is proved to be efficient.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501STUDY AND COMPARISON BETWEEN METHODS AND ALGORITHMS OF PULSE OXIMETER SIGNAL ANALYSIS163355810.21608/iceeng.2006.33558ENMOHAMED A.M.SERRY S.B.Journal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />Now a day Pulse Oximeter is a very important instrument in the surgical or intensive<br />care units, as it’s a very fast and real time indication to the blood oxygen saturation<br />level, which gives an indication of the patient’s status. Its theory of operation mainly<br />depends on the phenomena of difference in the absorption of different wavelengths<br />by body tissues and blood constitutes. The raw Pulse Oximeter (plethysmography)<br />signal undergoes a lot of processing to calculate the desired values of the Blood<br />Oxygen saturation .Many methods are employed either in time domain analysis or<br />through frequency domain analysis. Each Method has its own advantage and<br />disadvantage. By combining all these methods into a hybrid algorithm of processing<br />taking into consideration the limitations and the most important advantages in each<br />method, it is applicable to have an accurate method of calculating the SaO2.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501A NOVEL TESTING METHOD FOR MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATORS1113356010.21608/iceeng.2006.33560ENMohamed H.El-MahlawyEgyptian Armed Forces.Journal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />Several authors focused on testing of digital integrated circuits and their different test<br />scenarios are proposed. No author speaks about the testing of the monostable multivibrator on<br />the board. In this paper, a novel circuit design methodology is presented to test the<br />monostable multivibrators functionally on the board. To test the monostable multivibrators<br />properly, the time duration needs to be measured accurately. This method is based on the<br />signature generation of the output of the monstable multivibrators. The measurement of the<br />time duration is considered the signature that expresses the proper functionality of the<br />monstable multivibrators. This testing design was implemented and applied to different pulse<br />durations. The experimental results indicate the high accuracy of the proposal design<br />approach. The measurements in the millisecond range had not any deviation from the setting<br />pulse. The measurements in the microsecond range had small deviation from the setting pulse<br />± 1%.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501FAULT DETECTION OF THE DATA DISPLAYING SYSTEM IN MARINE CENTERS1123356110.21608/iceeng.2006.33561ENEmad M.HamadPost graduate student, Suez Canal Authority, Egypt.Mohamed A.Abd El-RahmanDr., Air Defense College, Alexandria, Egypt.Mohamed E.NasrProfessor, Electronics and Communication Department, Tanta University, Egypt.Usama B.SabbahDr., Director of Planning and Researches Department, Suez Canal Authority, Egypt.Journal Article20190528Abstract<br />This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the vessel traffic management system<br />(VTMS). It is shown that displaying system includes the signal state board, with its four<br />driving boards, and station PC. Each driving board feeds one row. We show that, as an<br />example, Row 2 contains six (7 × 5dot matrix) modules and each dot has its own flipping coil.<br />In addition, each driving board has 58 Darlington transistors. The address and data lines of the<br />processor Z80180 are used to control the flipping circuit through decoders, addressable<br />latches, buffers and inverters. Interrupt circuit generates signal INT1which is used by the<br />processor to switch off all transistors after each dot flipping process. We have built an<br />assembly EPROM program to deal with the two assembly subroutines, activated by INT1and<br />INT 2 interrupt signals, to detect faults associated with the flipping circuit transistors. We<br />performed a new visual basic program(paper under publication) in the station PC to handle<br />the detected faults by EPROM program.This work is illustrated practically by tracing<br />measured signals at different points for the example of short and open transistor.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501DESIGN OF BRUSHLESS DC POSITION SERVO SYSTEMS USING ADAPTIVE FUZZY CONTROLLER193356210.21608/iceeng.2006.33562ENA.KamelAir Defense College, Alexandria, Egypt.A. E.AbdallaMilitary Technical College, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />This paper deals with brushless DC position control systems of unknown external load<br />disturbances and plant parameter variations .Such systems have a very complex dynamic<br />characteristics and highly nonlinearity, a conventional linear control design may not assure<br />satisfactory requirements. One promising method to improve the dynamic response of such<br />systems is adaptive fuzzy controller (AFC) which has been proposed. The proposed AFC is<br />inherently robust, and is based on simple rules that are derived from engineering and<br />experimental results. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can achieve accurate<br />velocity/position servo tracking in the presence of load disturbance and plant parameter<br />variations. Excellent flexibility and adaptability as well as high precision and good robustness are<br />also obtained by the proposed strategy.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501Effect of Damping Constant and Rotor Inertia Constant On One- Dimensional Ring Power System Electromechanical Wave Propagation1113356410.21608/iceeng.2006.33564ENW.SabryJournal Article20190528Abstract:<br />This paper completes the previous work that introduced the analysis of the<br />electromechanical wave propagation that follow a disturbance occurring at any<br />machine in the one-dimensional ring power system model. The analysis is<br />performed for the varying of damping constant (D) and rotor inertia constant<br />(M) of the system machines. The continuum principle, which considered for the<br />power system leads to a set of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDE). So,<br />the discretization concept was applied in this paper. MATLAB package is used<br />to carry out the simulation. From which, some of the wave propagation<br />parameters are calculated. Simulation results in different situations are presented<br />and discussed. These results present and show the important effect of damping<br />constant and rotor inertia constant on one-dimensional ring power system<br />electromechanical wave propagation.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501A Comparison between Optimal and Conventional Power System Stabilizers for a Single Machine to an Infinite Bus Power System173356510.21608/iceeng.2006.33565ENW.SabryEgyptian Armed Forces.A.EliwaEgyptian Armed Forces.H. A.HassanEgyptian Armed Forces.M. A.TalaatEgyptian Armed Forces.Journal Article20190528Abstract<br />The excitation control of synchronous generator in a single machine to an infinite<br />bus (SMIB) power system is very important to improve the stability modes of<br />power system. In addition to the usual or conventional excitation control techniques<br />and speed governors, other devices proved its effectiveness to enhance better<br />system stability like power system stabilizers (PSS) and static VAR compensators<br />(SVC). In this paper, the PSS is used as an additional device to improve the SMIB<br />power system stability. Two out of different control strategies were used; a<br />conventional control technique (PI controller) and a linear optimal controller<br />(LOC). A comparison between both types of PSSs was stated. The contribution of<br />this paper is the design and application of an optimal-PSS and a PI-PSS to a<br />synchronous generator connected to an infinite bus power system.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMISATION OF SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR USING FUZZY-GENETIC-SIMPLEX ALGORITHM1143356710.21608/iceeng.2006.33567ENAmgedEl-WakeelDr., Assistant professor, Electrical Power and Energy Department, MTC, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />This paper presents a new method for multiobjective optimisation of a switched reluctance<br />motor. Four objective functions regarding motor efficiency, power factor, torque ripples and<br />outer volume are considered. The proposed method combines fuzzy logic, genetic algorithm<br />and simplex technique as a general global optimisation technique. The new technique is<br />searching for the best compromise solution, which maximises the designer total degree of<br />satisfaction. In order to predict the motor performance accurately , a hybrid FEA-analytical<br />simulation model has been adopted. The model combines some of the FEA accuracy with the<br />simplicity of analytical model. A full time stepping FEA analysis for the optimised motor has<br />been done to verify the final design of the motor.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501Electrical Breakdown at Sessile Water Droplets on Insulating Surfaces Subject to High AC Stress.173356810.21608/iceeng.2006.33568ENH. A.GoudaDr., Electrical Power and Energy Department, MTC, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />Electrical breakdown at the edges of sessile water droplets on a horizontal, insulating surface<br />subject to high AC electrical stress has been studied experimentally. The behaviour of the<br />water droplets under these conditions has been examined using a high-speed video camera<br />and by detecting electrically partial discharge activity. Different modes of droplet vibration<br />have been observed, some of which lead to transient changes in droplet contact angle at the<br />insulator surface with concomitant changes in the electric field in the vicinity of the triple<br />junction. These field effects have been calculated and their significance on partial electrical<br />discharges discussed. Lateral spreading of water droplets has also been observed. It is<br />considered this spreading is associated with the vibration and with the partial discharge<br />activity.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501MODELING AND TESTING OF COMPUTER DISTANCE RELAY USING COMPUTER SIMULATION183356910.21608/iceeng.2006.33569ENAbdel Rahman A.KhatibAssistant Professor at Shorouk Academy, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190528ABSTRACT<br />The paper presents modeling and testing of computer distance relay using MATLAB/PSCAD.<br />The relay has been tested in 345 kV parallel overhead transmission lines that include the<br />mutual coupling. The paper is demonstrating the relay’s capability to detect the fault at<br />different zones, producing a tripping output for different fault conditions. The concepts of<br />traditional distance relaying were used and three zones were defined for the transmission<br />system to be protected by the relay. Different fault types were simulated occurring at distinct<br />locations within the transmission system. The computer relay is developed using MATLAB<br />and the transmission line model is implemented using EMTDC / PSCAD.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501PID and FLC Comparison Study on Position Control of Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors193357010.21608/iceeng.2006.33570ENHamdy A.M.A. Lect., Al-Azhar University, Tel: 0103584601.M.ZaherProfessor, Electric Eng. Dept, Dean Of Alazhar Faculty of Engineering.A. B.KotbProfessor, Electric Eng., Alazhar-University.Journal Article20190528Abstract<br />Stepper motors are found in three main types; Permanent Magnet, Variable reluctance and<br />Hybrid stepper motors. This paper concerns with the study of response of the PM stepper<br />motors using different two types of controllers. The position tracking of the PM stepper<br />motor is investigated on open loop and then PID and FLC are used to modify the open loop<br />response. The stepper motor is simulated with application of controllers using MATLAB<br />software. Controller is used to improve the motor performance by reducing the rise time,<br />minimize overshoots and eliminate the steady state error. The results show the advantages of<br />FLC over the conventional PID controller.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501TUNING PID CONTROLLER FOR LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE193362110.21608/iceeng.2006.33621ENH. E.MostafaLecturer, Faculty of Industrial Education, Suez Canal University, Suez, Egypt.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT:<br />This paper describes the application of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique to<br />optimize a PID controller parameters for Load Frequency Control (LFC). The robustness of the<br />proposed controller is investigated through parameters variations and changing the magnitude of<br />load disturbance. The simulation results show that the applied PSO-based PID controller is<br />achieved good performance even in the presence of the generation rate constraint (GRC). A<br />comparative study results is made between the H∞ controller and the proposed one. The<br />performance is shown to be better for the new PID controllerMilitary Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501DAMPING POWER SYSTEM OSCILLATIONS USING PARTICLE SWARM-BASED CONTROLLER1113362210.21608/iceeng.2006.33622ENAdel AlyEmaryNational Energy Control Center of Egypt.H. E.MostafaFaculty of Industrial Education, Suez Canal University.M. A.El-sharkawyElectrical Power & Machines Dept., Ain-Shams University.K.YassinNational Energy Control Center of Egypt.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT:<br />In this paper, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is used to develop a<br />controller for damping power system oscillations. The speed deviation Δω and its rate of<br />change<br />•<br />Δω are selected as input signals to the proposed controller. The objective is to get<br />optimal gains values of the controller within pre-specified limits to improve the system<br />dynamics.<br />In order to ensure the reliability of the PSO based controller, a comparison has been made<br />between the effect of the developed controller and that of an ℋ∞ controller on the dynamic<br />performance of a single machine connected to infinite bus. The simulation results show that<br />the PSO-based controller offer effective damping to system oscillations in a wide range of<br />operating conditions and system parameters.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501An Integrated Approach for Probabilistic Assessment of Ionized Fields of HVDC Lines173362410.21608/iceeng.2006.33624ENMohamed M.AbouelsaadAssociate professor, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Benha University, Shoubra , Cairo, Egypt.Ibrahim M.El ShairProfessor, Faculty of Engineering, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.Ihab F.GharianyGraduate student, Ministry of the Interior, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT<br />An integrated statistical approach, based on Monte Carlo simulation, is developed in this<br />paper for probabilistic exposure assessment under HVDC transmission lines. The validity and<br />adequacy of traditional, deterministic, models for HVDC ionized fields have been repeatedly<br />questioned in literature. The present work recognizes the probabilistic nature of the exposure<br />variables, electric field intensity and ion current density, and caters for their inherent<br />uncertainties in order to simulate the realistic dc line environment . Randomness in the factors<br />influencing the ionized field quantities is identified and accounted for, namely, the wind<br />speed, the line sag, the corona onset gradient, and the location of objects under the line. Based<br />on an overall probabilistic approach, the integrated influence of these factors on the exposure<br />parameters is evaluated and assessed.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501FIELD ANALYSIS AND EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT ARAMETERS OF DISC-ROTOR INDUCTION MOTOR1153362510.21608/iceeng.2006.33625ENM. K.AhmedAl-Azhar University, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo, Egypt.A. B.KotbAl-Azhar University, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo, Egypt.M. A.ZaherAl-Azhar University, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190529Abstract<br />The disc-rotor induction motors come in a variety of structures such as double-sided<br />stator, single-sided stator with iron backing rotor, and single-sided stator without iron<br />backing rotor. This paper presents the field analysis of the disc-rotor induction motor<br />using two-dimension analysis of magnetic field. The computational treatments are<br />based on the solution of field equations written down in cylindrical coordinates. This<br />analysis is carried out using the vector potential, which is shown to be readily<br />adaptable to the evaluation of the air-gap impedance for different disc motor<br />constructions. The magnetic vector potential enables the effect of physical air-gap and<br />finite permeability and conductivity of a number of machine regions to be taken into<br />account. Using this new technique, the complex expression of the impedance can be<br />rearranged to predict the individual equivalent circuit parameters.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501A SOFTWARE PROGRAM FOR HARMONIC IDENTIFICATION USING GENETIC ALGORITHM193362710.21608/iceeng.2006.33627ENSherif B.AmerNational Energy Control Center (NECC).Hosam K.M.YoussefMember, IEEE., Electric power and machine Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt.M. M.Abdel AzizSenior Member, IEEE., Electric power and machine Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT<br />This paper introduces a software program written in Matlab programming language for the<br />identification and analysis of harmonics in power systems using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) as<br />an optimization technique. The program overcomes a major pitfall of the Fast Fourier Transform<br />(FFT); the spectral leakage. Simulated waveforms were used to test the program. The results<br />obtained were in the form of the Fourier series (magnitudes and phases) with high accuracy.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501A Binary Particle Swarm Optimization for Optimal Placement and Sizing of Capacitor Banks in Radial Distribution Feeders with Distorted Substation Voltages193363010.21608/iceeng.2006.33630ENTamer MohamedKhalilCanal Co. for Electricity Distribution, Ismailia, Egypt.Hosam K.M.YoussefMember, IEEE., Electric power and machine Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University .Egypt.M. M.Abdel AzizSenior Member, IEEE., Electric power and machine Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University .Egypt.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT<br />This paper proposes a binary particle swarm optimization (PSO) for optimal placement and<br />sizing of fixed capacitor banks in radial distribution lines with nonsinusoidal substation<br />voltages. The objective function includes the cost of power losses and capacitor banks with<br />constraints which include limits on voltage, total harmonic distortion (THD) and sizes of<br />installed capacitors. A binary PSO applied to a test system and solutions of the binary PSO<br />are compared with those of heuristic numerical algorithm that is based on the method of local<br />variations. Computer simulation shows that the harmonic components affect the optimal<br />capacitor placement and sizing.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501FUZZY LOGIC – BASED CONTROLLER with PI COMPENSATOR in SERVO POSITIONING CONTROL SYSTEM183363210.21608/iceeng.2006.33632ENSaid A.GawishModern Academy for Engineering , Former Head of Electrical Engineering Departments,
Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt .A.KamelAir Defense College, Alexandria, Egypt.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT<br />Many types of drives used in positioning systems need high performance controllers to achieve<br />good dynamic performance in the presence of system uncertainty and complex environment.<br />Traditional control schemes like PID can not meet these requirements. On the other hand, a<br />conventional fuzzy logic controller can usually control a nonlinear system more efficiently, and<br />provide better performance than PID controllers in terms of shorter rise time and smaller over<br />shot. Unfortunately, the traditional fuzzy logic controller cannot improve the steady state<br />performance for time varying systems. To overcome this drawback, the integral of the error of the<br />system is taken in consideration. This paper presents a hybrid of the conventional PI compensator<br />with fuzzy logic controller to improve steady–state and dynamic accuracy of the servo position<br />control system. The results obtained indicate that the proposed controller has an excellent<br />position tracking performance compared with both traditional PID controller and fuzzy PD<br />controller.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501APPLICATION OF INTERVAL METHODS TO UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS OF HVDC TRANSMISSION LINES FIELDS193363310.21608/iceeng.2006.33633ENMohamed M.AbouelsaadAssociate professor, faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Benha University-Cairo-Egypt.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT<br />Uncertainty is a major issue facing electric utilities in planning and decision making.<br />Modeling uncertainty can be based on two general approaches. The first is a probabilistic<br />approach where probability distributions for all of the uncertainties are assumed. The second<br />approach is called “Unknown but Bounded” in which upper and lower limits on the<br />uncertainties are assumed without probability distributions. Interval mathematics provides a<br />tool for the practical implementation and extension of the unknown but bounded concept. The<br />calculation of HVDC transmission lines fields is used as an example to illustrate the use of<br />interval mathematics. Ground- level electric field values are calculated using the traditional<br />single point numbers as well as interval numbers. Various geometries for monopolar and<br />bipolar dc lines are considered. The values from the two methods are compared to prove the<br />validity of interval analysis to, practically, model uncertainties associated with HVDC<br />transmission lines field analysis. Procedures devised to reduce the width of the resulting<br />interval bounds either through rearranging the governing expressions or through derivation of<br />interval probability are discussed.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501An Assessment between Classical Fuzzy and Fuzzy Model Reference Learning Controller Design of Electro-Optical pointing and tracking System1113363510.21608/iceeng.2006.33635ENG.ElnasharEgyptian Armed Forces.T.ElbayoumiEgyptian Armed Forces.A.EldsokyEgyptian Armed Forces.M.HegazyEgyptian Armed Forces.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT<br />Electro-optical pointing and tracking systems (EOPTS) have a wide range of military and<br />civilian applications. The passive line of sight (LOS) stabilization systems are multi-input<br />multi-output (MIMO) systems that are highly nonlinear and possess a strong coupling effect<br />between their states. it presents a challenging systems to control. In this paper the analysis of<br />the passive (EOPTS) stabilization system with the development of its nonlinear models is<br />derived. Two different types of control algorithms are presented. The first controller is a<br />classical fuzzy control. The controller presents a good technique that proves to be stable with<br />high transient and tracking performances. The controller is applied to the LOS stabilization<br />system and the simulation results are introduced. Next, A Model Reference Learning fuzzy<br />Controller less dependant on the designer knowledge of the LOS stabilization system is<br />proposed. Such controller possesses a learning mechanism that is able to form its rule-base by<br />watching the system behavior. The learning mechanism utilizes a reference model that<br />describes the desired performance. The designed process of the controller and simulation<br />results of implementing the controller to the system is introduced. Finally, comparative<br />analysis between the two developed controllers is conducted. It discusses the advantages and<br />disadvantages of each controller algorithm.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501A COMPARISON BETWEEN ROBUST AND FUZZY CONTROLLER DESIGN OF A GYRO STABILIZED ELECTROOPTICAL SIGHT SYSTEM1103363710.21608/iceeng.2006.33637ENG.ElnasharEgyptian Armed Forces.T.ElbayoumiEgyptian Armed Forces.A.EldsokyEgyptian Armed Forces.M.HegazyEgyptian Armed Forces.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT<br />In modern fire control systems, Line of Sight (LOS) stabilization plays an<br />essential and crucial part. LOS stabilization systems have a wide range of military and<br />civilian applications. Their importance arises from the critical applications that employ<br />these systems. Two techniques are used for the LOS stabilization systems, passive and<br />active. The passive LOS stabilization systems are easy to design and are manufactured<br />at a relatively low cost to be interfaced with different types of electro optical systems.<br />Hence, it can be used to increase the efficiency of many armored vehicles serving in the<br />armed forces, where it may be used for constructing fire control systems. The passive<br />LOS stabilization systems are multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems that are highly<br />nonlinear and possess a strong coupling effect between their states. It presents a<br />challenging system to control.<br />In this paper the analysis of the passive LOS stabilization system with the<br />development of its nonlinear mathematical model is derived. Two different types of<br />control algorithms are presented. The first controller is a Linear Quadratic Gaussian<br />controller (LQG). The controller presents a conventional control technique that proves<br />to be stable with high transient and tracking performances. The controller is applied to<br />the LOS stabilization system and the simulation results are introduced. Next, an<br />intelligent fuzzy controller is introduced. The fuzzy control presents a nonlinear control<br />technique that compensates the system's nonlinearity; hence, it is more appropriate to<br />stabilize and control the system under consideration. The fuzzy controller is designed to<br />decouple the relationship between the system state variables. The controller's<br />performance is verified through simulations and results.
Finally, comparative analysis between the two developed controllers is<br />conducted. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each control algorithm.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501STABLE NONLINEAR PREDICTIVE CONTROL FOR FAST CONSTRAINED SYSTEMS1133363910.21608/iceeng.2006.33639ENAhmed M.YoussefEgyptian Armed Force.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT<br />Despite the good properties that the Nonlinear Quadratic Gaussian Predictive Control<br />(NLQGPC) technique offers such as the low computational burden and the high performance<br />when dealing with models with fast dynamics and input constraints, it suffers from unproven<br />stability properties. In this paper, the recently introduced Control Lyapunov Function based<br />satisficing approach is combined with the NLQGPC approach. This renders guaranteed<br />asymptotic stability whilst retaining the good properties of the NLQGPC.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501COMPUTATIONAL ERRORS OF ANALYTIC COARSE ALIGNMENT FOR STRAP DOWN INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM (SDINS)1103364010.21608/iceeng.2006.33640ENY. Z.ElhalwagyEgyptian Armed Forces.I. I.ArafaEgyptian Armed Forces.K. H.MostafaEgyptian Armed Forces.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT:<br />In this paper, two proposed computational methods of coarse alignment for strap<br />down inertial navigation systems (SDINS) are presented. Their associated drift, skew,<br />and scale alignment errors are evaluated analytically. Although the computational<br />formulas for analytic ground alignment are identical in the ideal case, the error<br />characteristics are dependent upon the employed basis. With properly selecting the<br />basis to compute the best estimate of transformation matrix, the drift misalignment<br />angles of analytic alignment can be made to be equivalent to those, which can be found<br />by physical gyro-compassing.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501STRAP DOWN INS ALIGNMENT USING NON-LINEAR MODEL FOR LARGE AZIMUTH MISALIGNMENT1123364210.21608/iceeng.2006.33642ENY. Z.ElhalwagyEgyptian Armed Forces.I. I.ArafaEgyptian Armed Forces.Ahmed M.YoussefEgyptian Armed Forces.Journal Article20190529Abstract:<br />In this paper a general non-linear psi-angle approach that dose not requires coarse<br />alignment is presented. In the psi-angle model, the azimuth misalignment angle is assumed<br />large. The attitude and velocity error models are also presented for strap down inertial<br />navigation system (SDINS). Three different KALMAN filter algorithms are utilized based on<br />the SDINS nonlinear error model are used to solve the non-linear data fusion problem. The<br />proposed works are validated with a set of experimental results of stationary alignment and<br />in-flight alignment using kinematics trajectory data to estimate all the parameters of inertial<br />navigation system needed for the alignment and calibration.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501DESIGN OF AN ORBIT OF A MINI SATELLITE1103364410.21608/iceeng.2006.33644ENA ASomaieEgyptian Armed Forces.WaelBadawyUniversity of Calgary, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Calgary, Canada.RahimPiraUniversity of Calgary, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Calgary, Canada.Journal Article20190529Abstract<br />The aim of this paper is to present the basic mathematical and theoretical knowledge of the<br />orbit geometry system of the satellite. Information about the orbit of the satellite system is<br />considered as the critical and main parts of the satellite design. The presented design model of the<br />orbit geometry is valid for mini satellites (100-500 kg), which are used for imaging missions. The<br />objective of the design model is to minimize the size, the mass, and the complexity of the satellite<br />so that it fits the envelope of the launching vehicle. The propulsion system and others equipments<br />of the satellite as the payload or the imaging system, on board computer system, data link and the<br />solar cells determine the size and mass of the satellite. An example of orbit geometry for a<br />satellite was described included the results of the design model.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501FROM THE PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA TO AN ELECTRO-OPTICAL IMAGING SYSTEM1143365210.21608/iceeng.2006.33652ENA ASomaieEgyptian Armed Forces.NaserEl-SheimyUniversity of Calgary, Department of Geomatics Systems, Calgary, Canada.ZiadAbusaraUniversity of Calgary, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Calgary, Canada.MehdiDehghaniUniversity of Calgary, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Calgary, Canada.Journal Article20190529Abstract<br />The photography camera and a video camera system have used in many purposes from<br />a hand camera to space imaging system. This paper is concerned to upgrade the<br />photography camera that used for survey or surveillance applications. A direct method is to<br />replace the film magazine and the shutter by a Charge Couple Device (CCD). Since the<br />most of these photographic camera systems have a big size, in which the adapted CCD<br />detectors are hard to be available or assembled. An alternative new technique will be<br />described through this paper to upgrade the photography camera to an electro-optical<br />imaging system. An example was applied to illustrate the upgrading procedures, and many<br />experiments were done using survey photographic camera and the results were<br />successfully.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501Anti-Tank Guided Missile Performance Enhancement Part-1: Hardware in the Loop Simulation1143365410.21608/iceeng.2006.33654ENM. A.Abd-AltiefGraduate Student in Guidance and Radar Department, MTC, Cairo, Egypt.G. A.El-SheikhProf. in Electronics and Electrical Communication Department, MSA University, Cairo, Egypt.M. Y.DogheishAsc. Prof. in Electronics and Electrical Communication Department, MUST, 6th October, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190529Abstract The performance of antitank guided missile systems is measured through the minimum missdistance<br />and its capability to overcome target maneuver and different sources of errors<br />including disturbances and noises. Toward these performance constraints, the guidance and<br />control is considered which is one of the most interesting and challenging problem areas for<br />antitank missile. Therefore, this paper considers an antitank guided missile system belonging<br />to the first generation for the design and analysis. The design and analysis necessitates<br />somehow accurate model (objective of Part-1 of the paper) for the system and a robust control<br />design philosophy (objective of Part-2 of the paper).<br />Transfer functions representing the missile-control system dynamics in pitch and yaw planes<br />are identified via hardware in the loop simulation and considered for investigation and<br />validation against previous work and reference flight data [13]. This investigation includes<br />experiment design, on-line identification procedure, and evaluating the identified control<br />system (Jetvator) model within the 6DOF simulation such that the performance requirements<br />are achieved. The results show how the hardware in the loop simulation with systemidentification<br />lead to accurate model with clear effect upon enhancing the system performance<br />which gave the green light for the next step of robust controller design.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501Anti-Tank Guided Missile Performance Enhancement Part-2: Robust Controller Design1133365510.21608/iceeng.2006.33655ENG. A.El-SheikhProf. In Electronics and Electrical Communication Department, MSA University, Cairo, Egypt.M. A.Abd-AltiefGraduate Student in Guidance and Radar Department, MTC, Cairo, Egypt.M. Y.DogheishAsc. Prof. In Electronics and Electrical Communication Department, MUST, 6th October, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190529Abstract<br />The performance of antitank guided missile systems is measured through the minimum missdistance<br />and its capability to overcome target maneuver and different sources of errors<br />including disturbances and noises. Toward these performance constraints, the guidance and<br />control is considered, which is one of the most interesting and challenging problem areas for<br />antitank missile. Therefore, this paper considers an antitank guided missile system belonging<br />to the first generation for the design and analysis. The design and analysis necessitates<br />somehow accurate model (objective of Part-1 of the paper) for the system and a robust control<br />design philosophy (objective of Part-2 of the paper).<br />Transfer functions representing the missile-control system dynamics in pitch and yaw planes<br />are identified via hardware in the loop (HWIL) simulation and considered for investigation<br />and validation against previous work and reference flight data. These transfer functions are<br />obtained and justified in Part-1 of the paper and consequently this part is devoted to design a<br />robust controller and implements it within the 6DOF simulation. The jetvator control loop for<br />both pitch and yaw channels of the intended guided missile system with compensation<br />network are designed using ∞ H and investigated such that the system is stabilized and the<br />performance requirements are satisfied with disturbance rejection and measurement noise<br />attenuation. To stay on the robustness of these controllers and their ability to withstand<br />against disturbances, the measurements are corrupted with noise and the system performance<br />is investigated. The obtained results showed superior features of ∞ H in stabilizing the system<br />with only one controller allover the flight envelope and withstand some of the uncertainty<br />sources.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR PREDICTIVE CONTROL FOR DIFFERENT PLANT REPRESENTATIONS1123365810.21608/iceeng.2006.33658ENAhmed M.YoussefEgyptian Armed Force.Y. Z.ElhalwagyEgyptian Armed Force.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT:<br />A ducted fan has been constructed at California Institute of Technology, in order to provide an<br />experimental test-bed for research and development of different control techniques for<br />Uninhabited Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAVs). It has many of the characteristics of existing<br />flight control systems and its identification experiments have shown that its model is correct<br />near hover and successful control designs also support this conclusion. This paper presents a<br />comparison between the application of one of the nonlinear Model Based Predictive Control<br />techniques (MBPC), which is called Non-Linear Quadratic Gaussian Predictive Control<br />(NLQGPC), to two different representations of the ducted fan hover model. The paper also<br />provides an insight into the strengths and weakness of each algorithm and into the types of<br />problems, which limit the applicability of those algorithms.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE ROBUST CONTROL193366010.21608/iceeng.2006.33660ENG. A.ElnasharEgyptian Armed Forces.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT<br />This paper discusses the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) control performance<br />under uncertainty using two different methods, linear quadratic (LQ) servo with command<br />following and sliding mode control (SMC). In spite of the uncertainty in our evaluations of<br />the hydrodynamic forces, it is fortunate that the use of feedback control is able to compensate<br />for this general lack of knowledge and to provide commands to actuators that control and<br />stabilize the motion of underwater vehicles. Robustness is obtained by using feedback of key<br />motion variables (wind, waves, and current) as measured by sensors to drive actuators which,<br />in turn, manipulate the vehicle's motion so that changes in the behavior of the vehicle can be<br />automatically compensated. In order to successfully recover or launch a vehicle it will be<br />preferred for the vehicle to have the capability to compensate for this motion. This paper<br />attempts to investigate a means by which a vehicle may be made to track, in depth, the<br />dynamic motion for launch and recover at some significant depth below the surface. Design<br />techniques for robust controllers typically use frequency response or state space techniques to<br />specify control gains and even include observers and model based compensators to replace<br />missing sensors with virtual sensors. While these techniques have definable robustness<br />properties, sliding mode control and (LQ) servo with command following - techniques that<br />can compensate for known nonlinear behavior - are convenient and has equally definable<br />robustness properties.<br />This paper conducts robust control using (LQ) servo with command following and<br />sliding mode control (SMC) which have been found useful and convenient in dealing with the<br />uncertainty and general nonlinear nature of the models developed previously.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501Position Control of Flexible Manipulator Using Nonlinear H∞ with State-Dependent Riccati Equation1103366210.21608/iceeng.2006.33662ENA.SHAWKYEgyptian Armed Forces.A.ORDYSBritish Energy Senior Lecturer in Control Systems, Industrial Control Centre, Dept of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 50 George
Street, Glasgow, G1 1QE,Scotland, U.K.M. J.GRIMBLEProfessor of Industrial Systems and Director, Industrial Control Centre, Dept of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 50 George Street,
Glasgow, G1 1QE,Scotland,UK.Journal Article20190529Abstract<br />The paper is concerned with the control of the tip position of a single-link flexible manipulator. The non-linear<br />model of the manipulator is derived and tested, assuming the number of model shape functions is two. It is<br />known that the Assumed Modes Method introduces uncertainty to the model by neglecting higher order<br />dynamics. There are other sources of uncertainty, such as friction. In addition, the model is non-linear.<br />Therefore, for the next task, which is the controller design, the H∞ approach is proposed to deal efficiently with<br />uncertainties, and the non-linear nature of the problem is addressed by the use of State Dependent Riccati<br />Equation (SDRE) technique. Following the SDRE approach, the state-feedback non-linear control law is<br />derived which minimizes a quadratic cost function. This solution is then mapped into the H∞ optimization<br />problem. The resulting control law has been tested with the simulation model of the flexible manipulator and<br />the results are discussed in the paper.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501THERMAL IMAGING RADIOMETER OVERALL PERFORMNCE PARAMETERS AND ITS PROBABILITY OF TARGET DISCRIMINATION1103366310.21608/iceeng.2006.33663ENH.ELSHEIKHARMED FORCES.I.ABD-ELDAYEMARMED FORCES.S.MOWADEL-EPOUR TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT<br />The minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) is the overall performance<br />parameter of any thermal imaging radiometer (TIR). MRTD combine the sensitivity<br />and resolution of the TIR. It accurately describes the interrelationship for a particular<br />TIR. MRTD is used especially tactically oriented (fire control and targeting)<br />organizations, as the primary performance measure and is used with a target and<br />atmospheric parameters to give a probability of target discrimination. This paper is<br />directed toward constructing a software program for the calculation and plotting the<br />MRTD and a probability of target discrimination. These parameters can be used as a<br />tutorial or a procedure to determine how well TIR parameters perform in overall<br />imaging system scenario for particular targets, backgrounds, atmospheric conditions<br />allowing a quick evaluation of the TIR in different environments.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501SIMULATION OF AN ACTIVE RADAR HOMING MISSILE UNDER PHASE-FRONT DISTORTION JAMMING1103366510.21608/iceeng.2006.33665ENALADINASSISIAss. Prof., Egyptian Armed Forces.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT<br />In this paper we introduce a complete modelling and simulation of both target and missile<br />trajectories in one plane with and without the effect of phase front distortion jamming.<br />Although the missile guidance is done in two independent perpendicular planes, the<br />simulation process in the other plane will be identical to that included in this model. Besides,<br />the time variation of different variables in the missile radar guidance system are computed<br />and displayed, to monitor the system performance along the missile trajectory starting from<br />the missile launch up to the impact point. The impact is defined here as the time instant when<br />the rate of variation of the relative speed measured by the missile radio fuse crosses the zero<br />value. This is the same definition adopted by the radio fuse system. The missile-target range<br />at this instant is calculated and displayed as the final miss-distance. Without such a<br />simulation, it is not possible to evaluate an angular deception technique and optimize its<br />parameters; since the instantaneous effect of angle deception will be recovered by the<br />proportional navigation guidance system and the only criterion of jamming effectiveness is<br />the final miss-distance [1]. The simulation program is written as an m-file to be run in<br />MATLAB environment.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501INVESTIGATION OF RESTORATION TECHIQUES FOR REMOTE SENSING SATELLITE IMAGERY1103366710.21608/iceeng.2006.33667ENFawzy ElTohamyHassanPh.D., Egyptian Armed Forces.GoudaIsmailPh.D., Egyptian Armed Forces.M. SharawyIbrahimProf. Dr., Egyptian Armed Forces.Esam HassanHamzaB.Sc., Egyptian Armed Forces.Journal Article20190529Abstract:<br />This paper introduces implementation of some image restoration techniques, which can<br />be applied for satellite images. These techniques are, inverse filter, iterative method, wiener<br />filter, regularized deconvolution filter and wavelet-based method. The restoration techniques<br />are applied on several satellite images associated with atmospheric turbulence blur at different<br />variance of additive noise to check the performance of each technique and its capability to<br />restore the degraded image as close as possible to the original image. Also, comparison<br />studies between these techniques are introduced based on measures like Peak Signal-to-Noise<br />Ratio (PSNR) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The experimental results show that: the<br />wavelet method is the most suitable restoration technique for satellite images, since it gives<br />high PSNR and small RMSE with respect to the other restoration techniques.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501ANALYSIS OF THE DESIGN PARAMETERS OF A REMOTE SENSING SATELLITE OPTICAL SENSOR1123366910.21608/iceeng.2006.33669ENFawzy ElTohamyHasanPhD., Egyptian Armed Forces.Mahmoud FathyMahmoudAssoc. Prof., Banha High Technology Institute, Banha, Egypt.Ibrahim AlyAbdel DayemPhD., Egyptian Armed Forces.AdelEl-NozahyPhD., National Laser Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.Mohamed El-SayedAbdel HadyBSc., Egyptian Armed Forces.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT:<br />In this paper, the various parameters that affect the design of the optical sensors used in<br />remote sensing satellites are analyzed. The effects of these design parameters on the<br />spatial resolution of remote sensing satellites are discussed. A simulation of a telescope<br />design is implemented using Zemax package.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF THERMAL IMAGES1133367110.21608/iceeng.2006.33671ENGouda IsmailSalamaMohamed El-SaidGhoneimyWael MohamedYousfJournal Article20190529Abstract This paper describes and evaluates a number of techniques for reducing different types of<br />noises which associated with the thermal images. These techniques are based on optical image<br />filtering in both spatial domain and frequency domain. Filtering in both spatial domain and<br />frequency domain are applied on different thermal images associated with three standard<br />noises models encountered in most images as additive, multiplicative, and impulse noises<br />with different variance. Also, Non-uniformity correction techniques are applied on several<br />thermal images associated with Fixed Pattern Noise (FPN). The algorithms have been tested<br />by using several real image data from existing infrared imaging systems with good results.<br />Measuring criteria for performance evaluation of thermal images enhancement techniques as<br />Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Root Mean Square<br />Error (RMSE) are used to ensure the vision observation of user to select the most suitable<br />technique with highly performance evaluation.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501GEOMETRIC CORRECTION OF REMOTE SENSING SATELLITE DIGITAL IMAGES USING MAPPING POLYNOMIAL OF DIFFERENT ORDERS1223367210.21608/iceeng.2006.33672ENFawzy ELtohamyHassanPh.D., Egyptian Armed Forces.Gouda IsmailSalamaPh.D., Egyptian Armed Forces.Esam HassanHamzaB.Sc., Egyptian Armed Forces.H. A.HussienPh.D., Egyptian Armed Forces.Journal Article20190529Abstract:<br />All remote sensing imagery, from satellites, is inherently subjected to geometric distortions.<br />Therefore geometric corrections, as preprocessing operations, are normally required prior to<br />imagery analysis and extraction of information.<br />This paper conducts geometric correction procedure of sample of raw satellite images using<br />georeferenced images (image-to-image registration) of the same area. In this procedure, many<br />well-distributed ground control points (GCPs) pairs (from both images) are identified. Then a<br />proper transformation polynomial is applied to map the original image GCPs coordinates into the<br />new georeferenced image GCPs coordinates. A resampling process is carried out to recalculate<br />the gray level values for pixels in the transformed output image (new pixels locations) based on<br />pixel values in the input image. Also, this paper presents an analysis study of the effect of<br />variation of the number of GCPs and the order of the mapping polynomials on the accuracy of<br />geometric correction process. The Root Mean Square Error (RMS), at the selected GCPs, are<br />calculated and used as a measure of accuracy of the obtained results.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501DESIGN OF AN ITERATIVE IMAGE RESTORATION ALGORITHM USING FPGA1143367410.21608/iceeng.2006.33674ENFawzy EltohamyHassanPh.D., Egyptian Armed Forces.GoudaIsmailPh.D., Egyptian Armed Forces.Esam HassanHamzaB.Sc., Egyptian Armed Forces.Journal Article20190529Abstract:<br />Programmable logic is emerging as an attractive solution for many digital signal processing<br />application. This paper presents an FPGA implementation of an iterative image restoration<br />technique. The simulation results show the speedup that can be achieved by implementing this<br />algorithm on reconfigurable hardware as compared to the implementation of the algorithm<br />using software. The process from design entry to files download are introduced.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501JOINT DEINTERLEAVING/IDENTIFICATION OF RADAR PULSES USING MATRIX DIFFERENCES1113367510.21608/iceeng.2006.33675ENHossam E. Abou-BakrHassanEgyptian Armed Forces.Khaled H.MoustafaEgyptian Armed Forces.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT<br />A radar Electronic Support Measures (ESM) system performs two functions, warning of<br />impending emitters and surveillance to determine the radar activities. Automatic radar ESM<br />system consists of a passive radar receiver which receives emissions from other platforms,<br />measures the parameters of each received pulse and a deinterleaver that sorts the intercepted<br />pulses to enable determination of the individual radar parameters. Theses parameters are<br />compared with the stored parameters of known radars to identify the intercepted emitter type.<br />Consequently the threat level and the optimum jamming program for the intercepted emitter<br />could be derived. This paper proposes a new approach to deinterleave the intercepted pulses<br />and identify their corresponding radars in one step. The proposed approach can successfully<br />identify radars whose angles of arrival are very close. Moreover, the proposed approach can<br />be applied as an integral part of the adaptive deinterleaving algorithm to prevent the ESM<br />from taking actions against false radars and consequently, avoids a waste of the available<br />resources. Computer simulation results have shown that the proposed approach can<br />successfully deinterleave radar pulses and identify their corresponding radars.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501DETECTION OF SINUSOIDAL SIGNALS IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN1103367610.21608/iceeng.2006.33676ENFathy M.AhmedEgyptian Armed Forces.Khairy A.ElbarbaryEgyptian Armed Forces.Abdel Rahman H.ElbardawinyEgyptian Armed Forces.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT<br />Periodogram is a simple and efficient way to detect and estimate parameters of sinusoidal<br />signals. In this paper, we evaluate the detection performance of the periodogram and its<br />variants such as Bartlett, Welch methods, and a proposed Bartlett-based method. Performance<br />evaluation through the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROCs) of the mentioned methods<br />are presented and compared. Previous studies showed that, the standard periodogram used to<br />give the best detection performance. In the present work, analytical derivation and simulation<br />results showed that, the proposed method gives a better detection performance outperforming<br />the standard periodogram at the expense of tolerable reduction of the frequency resolution.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501Performance of phase Coded Radar for Detection of Stealth Targets193367710.21608/iceeng.2006.33677ENFawazy I.HamamaMilitary Technical College, Cairo, Egypt.Khairy A.ElbarbaryMilitary Technical College, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190529Abstract:<br />The stealth technology has been made to reduce the radar cross section (RCS) of the target to<br />a level where the echo reflected from it can not be detected by the radar receiver. There are<br />many techniques to reduce the RCS, the most useful ones are shaping of the taget and coating<br />it with absorbing materials. Coats of absorbing material over metallic surfaces, can<br />substantially reduce the energy of a returned signal. In this paper we evaluate the performance<br />of two classes of signals to deal with stealth point targets, namely the nonsinusoidal radar<br />signals and pulse compression signals. The target response depends on, time delay of<br />absorbing material, waveform of radar transmitted signal and coding pulses. Matched filter<br />are used for detection of various target responses. The autocorrelation function, represents a<br />delayed version of of the matched filter output, is determined analytically for various types of<br />the transmitted signals. It is shown that the proper choice of the transmitted signal duration<br />relative to the absorbing material time delay can improve the stealth target detection process.<br />In case of fast rate phase coded signals the autocorrelation functions for stealth targets are<br />similar to those of conventional point targets.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501A SURVEY of IFF SYSTEMS1113367910.21608/iceeng.2006.33679ENAlaaFahmyAssoc. Prof. Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt.K. H.MoustafaAssoc. Prof. Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT<br />Since Second World War, different military standard modes of Secondary<br />Surveillance Radar (SSR) were developed, namely, Mark X, Mark X IFF Selective<br />Identification Features (SIF), Mode S, and Mark XII. All these modes of operations<br />have different interrogation and reply signals format. This paper review SSR modes<br />of operation. In the mean time, Mark XII is highlighted. An encryption technique<br />based on the use of chaotic map is proposed.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501Cryptosystem Based On 2-D Chaotic Maps193368010.21608/iceeng.2006.33680ENAlaaFahmyAssoc. Prof. Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT<br />Chaos is one of the recent sciences that have great applications in the field of<br />cryptography. Baker map is one of the most popular two dimension (2-D) chaotic map<br />that been used to construct a cryptosystem. Moreover, a proposed hybrid<br />cryptosystem has been introduced with examples of two test images. This proposed<br />cryptosystem provides large key space, produces the same results of other chaotic<br />maps with less number of iterations, reduces the encryption time, and produces<br />complex permutation mechanism.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501A PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FOR STREAM CIPHERS USING LFSR AND FCSR1103368110.21608/iceeng.2006.33681ENN.ShakerComsec. Consultant.K.ShehataProf. AAST, Cairo – Egypt.T.ElshafieyAssisted Prof., MSA, Cairo – Egypt.A.AlshobakiGraduate student, AAST, Alex. – Egypt.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT<br />A major class of applied stream cipher systems makes use of combining a number of Linear<br />Feed Back Shift Registers (LFSR) to achieve reasonable cryptographic specifications. The<br />Feed back with carry shift register (FCSR) is a new device to be used in the structure of<br />stream ciphers in addition to or as a substitute for the LFSR. In this paper, we investigate the<br />advantages and limitations of combining both LFSR and FCSR in one stream cipher design.<br />A proposed novel design for a stream cipher architecture – using both LFSR and FCSR –<br />will also be introduced and its cryptographic specifications will be evaluated.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501Real Time Implementation Of A Matched Filter For Radar Applications Based On Wave Digital Filters173368210.21608/iceeng.2006.33682ENK. H.MoustafaEgyptian Armed Forces.AlaaFahmyEgyptian Armed Forces.Journal Article20190529Abstract<br />Based on the theory of wave digital filters (WDFs), new model is derived to represent<br />matched filter for radar applications, derived from lumped/distributed ladder<br />networks. This model contains lumped elements and commensurate transmission<br />lines. This paper also introduced a real-time implementation of the proposed model.<br />We will demonstrate that this approach can be implemented in real time, although<br />with this prototype the frequencies are too low for practical radar applications. The<br />real-time implementation is performed based on input/output data acquisition card<br />using MATLAB, SIMULINK toolbox, Real-Time Workshop (RTW) toolbox and<br />Real-Time Windows target (RTWT) toolbox. In addition, real-time windows target<br />requires the Watcom C/C++ compiler.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501REAL-TIME IMPLEMENTATION OF A NEW RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSOR BASED ON THE TIME-FREQUENCY APPROACH193368410.21608/iceeng.2006.33684ENK. H.MoustafaEgyptian Armed Forces.H. E.Abou-BakrHassanEgyptian Armed Forces.Journal Article20190529Abstract<br />Although the number of ways of describing a given signal is countless, the most important<br />and fundamental variables in nature are time and frequency. While the time domain function<br />indicates how the signal’s amplitude changes over time, the frequency domain function tells<br />how often such changes take place. The bridge between time and frequency is the Fourier<br />transform. One of the important applications of time-frequency transform is the detection and<br />extraction of a radar signal immersed in noise jamming. In this paper a new technique dealing<br />with improvement of radar performance under jamming conditions is presented. This new<br />technique of time-frequency processing with non-linear threshold level is applied to a chirp<br />radar pulse imbedded in a high level noise. A software program is built using MATLAB<br />program.<br />This paper also introduced a real-time implementation of the proposed model. The real-time<br />implementation is done based on input/output data acquisition card using MATLAB,<br />SIMULINK toolbox, Real-Time Workshop (RTW) toolbox and Real-Time Windows target<br />(RTWT) toolbox. In addition, real-time windows target requires the Watcom C/C++<br />compiler.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501Efficient Uses of FPGAS for Hardware Implementation of Data Encryption Standard1103368510.21608/iceeng.2006.33685ENAly E.SalamaProfessor, Faculty Of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.Fawzy H.AlyEgyption Armed Forces.M.Nabil.Egyption Armed Forces.Journal Article20190529Abstract<br />In this work, a proposed pipeline implementation of Data Encryption Standard DES<br />algorithm on field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) is introduced with multiple design<br />versions. All these versions are described in Electronic Code Book mode (ECB) using the<br />hardware description language VHDL (Very high speed integrated circuit hardware<br />description language). These versions have differences in the architecture and the techniques<br />that substitution boxes (S_BOXes) can be implemented. All these design were implemented<br />on devices from XILINX and we achieved speeds of up to 4.23 Gbits/s.<br />Besides, a comparative study is conducted between the proposed designs for DES<br />algorithm, another design for DES (Full Rolling) and the other previous implementations<br />based on many aspects as architecture, cost and performance.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501Improving the Performance of AES Encryption Algorithm1103368610.21608/iceeng.2006.33686ENAlaa El DinFahmyAhmedSobhyJournal Article20190529ABSTRACT<br />A software simulation has been implemented for Advanced Encryption Algorithm<br />AES. Moreover, a chaotic generator has been added to AES to improve its security<br />performance via generating a multiple keys instead of using one key. The modified<br />AES has been tested for image encryption. The encrypted images have random shape<br />and it is absolutely un-identified and has no clue for the original image.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501AN ADAPTIVE ANTENNA UTILIZING MUSIC AND LINEARLY CONSTRAINED MINIMUM VARIANCE (LCMV) ALGORITHMS1133368710.21608/iceeng.2006.33687ENMOHAMED E.AEgyptian Armed Forces.Tan Z.Z.Professor, School of Electronics, BUAA, Beijing, China.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT<br />This paper introduces a new structure based on the MUSIC algorithm and linearly constrained<br />minimum variance (LCMV) to highly suppress the jammers to the GPS receiver. This structure is<br />capable of adjusting the weights of the antenna array in real time to respond to the signals coming<br />from the desired directions while highly suppress the jammers coming from the other directions.<br />The simulations were performed for fixed and moving jammers. It indicates that this structure can<br />give deeper nulls to the jammers directions, up to 120 dB nulls depths for fixed jammers and more<br />than 99 dB depths for the moving one. These nulls are very deep related to that attained by<br />MUSIC algorithm alone especially when the jammer signal power to the GPS signal is low.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501APPLICATION ON SMOOTHING PARTICLE FILTER IN TRACKING A HIGHLY MANEUVERABLE TARGET IN A MULTIPLE-SENSORS NETWORK183368810.21608/iceeng.2006.33688ENKamelH.Ph.D. Candidate, Elec. & Comp. Eng. Department, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.BadawyW.Associate Professor, Elec. & Comp. Eng. Department, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT<br />In this paper we apply the smoothing particle filter to track a highly maneuverable target in a<br />multiple-sensors network. We address the scenario of a single highly-maneuverable target<br />moving through a field of stationary sensors with known locations. The target is tracked<br />through the sensors filed using either all sensors or active sensors within a gate around the<br />target. Results have been compared to tracking the same target using conventional particle<br />filter. Smoothing particle filter showed improvement in the performance.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501SUBOPTIMAL DATA ASSOCIATION TECHNIQUE FOR MULTIPLE-TARGET TRACKING IN DENSE CLUTTER ENVIRONMENT1143368910.21608/iceeng.2006.33689ENKamelH.Ph.D. Candidate, Elec. & Comp. Eng. Department, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.BadawyW.Associate Professor, Elec. & Comp. Eng. Department, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT<br />In multiple target tracking (MTT) systems that track targets with less-than-unity probability<br />of detection in the presence of false alarms (FA), data association is very important. Data<br />association is responsible for deciding which of the received multiple measurements should<br />update which track. Some data association techniques use a unique pairing to update a track;<br />i.e. at most one observation is used to update a track. An alternative approach is to use all of<br />the validated measurements with different weights (probabilities), known as probabilistic data<br />association (PDA). Due to the increase in the FA rate or low probability of target detection,<br />most of the data association algorithms begin to fail. In this paper, we introduce a new<br />suboptimal PDA technique for MTT in dense clutter environment. The proposed technique is<br />based on merging the probabilistic nearest-neighbor filter (PNNF) with the PDA algorithm.<br />The main idea is based on high-weighting the measurements that has minimum statistical<br />distance from the predicted position of the target. The state updating equation in Kalman filter<br />uses the combined innovation as in Joint Probabilistic Data Association method which is<br />defined as the weighted sum of the residuals associated with many observations. Due to its<br />simplicity in calculations and robustness, this technique can be used for real-time applications<br />even though in dense clutter environments. We applied the proposed algorithm in tracking<br />multiple targets in presence of various clutter densities. Results showed better performance<br />when compared to Nearest-Neighbor and All-Neighbors approaches in different clutter<br />densities and noise measurements.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501RANGE INCREASE OF THE PASSIVE SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM153369010.21608/iceeng.2006.33690ENMatousekZ.Lecturer, Department of Electronics, Armed Forces Academy, Liptovsky Mikulas, Slovakia.OchodnickyJ.Associate professor, Department of Electronics, Armed Forces Academy, Liptovsky Mikulas, Slovakia.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT<br />Passive surveillance system (PSS) is one of the basic equipment in process of the electronic<br />reconnaissance. During the past ten years multilateration PSS have been engaged in air traffic<br />control too. Well-know systems in this field are e.g. TAMARA and VERA-E which are<br />products of the Czech Republic industry. Absence of the signal transmitting and receiving of<br />the signal source only is one of their main advantages. Important parameters of PSS are range<br />and quality of the reconnaissance information. The paper fixates to problems of recent PSS<br />systems range increase independently of signal sources parameters. The possibility of range<br />increasing looks through the receiver bandwidth adaptation. Receiver bandwidth adaptation of<br />the PSS system provides increasing of the receiver sensitivity and result is the increase of the<br />range. Theoretical analysis of the energetic conditions is present and some results of the<br />modeling and simulations shown in paper.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501Space-time processing for clutter rejection under jamming condition193369110.21608/iceeng.2006.33691ENA. M.M.AllamBrig. Prof. Dr., Military Technical College.K.El BarbaryBrig. Ass.Prof. Dr., Military Technical College.Journal Article20190529Abstract:<br />The two-dimensional filtering approach often referred to as space-time processing, (STP) has<br />been the subject of considerable research interest over the past two decades. The space-time<br />processing (STP) is a crucial technique for the new generation airborne radar with high air-toground<br />performance. Slowly moving ground targets produce a reflected signals which could<br />not be distinguish from the surrounding clutter reflections, The results in either space<br />processing, (adaptive array) or temporal processing, (MTI) will be miss detection of the<br />desired target which has Doppler frequency and angle of arrival near to that ones of the<br />clutter. Moreover ground based jammers could produce a wide frequency spread jamming<br />signal with relatively high power to confuse airborne radars. However STP could significantly<br />reduces the effects of both the clutter and jammers.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501EFFICIENT CHANNEL ESTIMATION FOR WCDMA SYSTEMS1143369210.21608/iceeng.2006.33692ENA.El-BardawenyEgyptian Armed Forces.K.El-BarbaryEgyptian Armed Forces.A.El-MahdyEgyptian Armed Forces.E.SaadSudanese Armed Forces.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT<br />Third generation (3G) cellular communication standards are based on Wideband Code<br />Division Multiple Access (WCDMA). The wideband signals experience frequency-selective<br />fading due to multi-path propagation, hence increasing the Multiple Access Interference<br />(MAI). To combat this effect, an efficient channel estimation algorithm, based on the<br />Maximum Likelihood (ML) approach is derived. The algorithm handles the situation of multiuser,<br />and multi-path by estimating a composite Channel Impulse Response (CIR). This<br />estimation is performed in the reverse link, for each user, without needs of estimating each<br />individual channel parameters. This has the achievement of reducing the computational<br />complexity. The efficiency of the proposed channel estimator is measured in terms of Mean<br />Squared Error (MSE), handling capacity, loss due to estimation, as well as resistance to MAI.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501AN ANALYTICAL PERFORMANCE BOUNDS OF NON-SYSTEMATIC PUNCTURED PARALLEL CONCATENATED CODES183369310.21608/iceeng.2006.33693ENMoataz MohamedSalahEgyptian Armed Forces.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT<br />A class of powerful error-correcting codes called parallel concatenated codes, or turbo<br />codes, have performance superior than all other coding techniques. Turbo codes have<br />been shown to achieve bit error rate performance close to Shannon's limit.<br />In this paper, based on random puncturing of non-systematic bits of low rate turbo<br />codes, we derive an analytical performance bound for high rate parallel concatenated<br />turbo codes. The new performance bound calculations and evaluations have been<br />investigated and compared with the simulation results.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501AUTOMATIC CLASSIFICATION OF QUADRATURE AMPLITUDE MODULATED (QAM) SIGNALS IN PRESENCE OF CHANNEL IMPAIRMENTS1113369410.21608/iceeng.2006.33694ENTarekHelalyAssociate Lecturer, Electronic Warfare Eng. Department, MTC, Cairo, Egypt.KhairyElbarbaryAssociate Professor, Electronic Warfare Eng. Department, MTC, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190529Abstract<br />In this paper, a procedure for automatic classification among three types of QAM signals in<br />presence of channel impairments is proposed. A combination of digital signal processing and<br />pattern recognition methods is used for solving the classification problem. The proposed<br />algorithm has been tested by computer simulations and has proven to be reliable and robust<br />against the expected channel impairments such as noise and fading. It is found that all digital<br />modulation types of interest have been correctly classified with a success rate > 91 % at<br />signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 14 dB.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501AUTOMATIC CLASSIFICATION OF MPSK SIGNALS USING STATISTICAL MOMENTS193369510.21608/iceeng.2006.33695ENTarekHelalyAssociate Lecturer, Electronic Warfare Eng. Department, MTC, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190529Abstract<br />In this paper, an automatic classification algorithm for MPSK signals is proposed. In this<br />algorithm, it is assumed that there is prior information about the received signal to be an<br />MPSK type. The concept of the proposed classification algorithm is based on evaluating the<br />statistical moments of the instantaneous phase of the received signal and using it as a key<br />feature to classify the MPSK signals. The proposed algorithm comprises three main steps: 1)<br />estimation of the instantaneous phase of the received signal, 2) computation of statistical<br />moments of the estimated phase, and 3) decision about the number of phase states of the<br />intercepted signal. The performance of the proposed algorithm is measured in terms of the<br />success rate of classification using computer simulations. It is found that all digital<br />modulation types of interest have been correctly classified with a success rate > 91 % at<br />signal-to-noise ratio, SNR, of 10 dB.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501SEPARATION OF WIDEBAND SIGNALS USING ADAPTIVE ANTENNA ARRAY CONTROLLED BY A SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO SYSTEM1153369610.21608/iceeng.2006.33696ENKhairy A.El-BarbaryM. A.Abo El-AzmJournal Article20190529Abstract :<br />This paper is concerned with introducing a robust software defined radio system that<br />adaptively controls the beam pattern of a linear antenna array. This adaptation is performed<br />for cancellation of interference signals and simultaneous extraction of the signal of interest<br />(SOI) to correctly recognize its modulation type in order to take the appropriate counter<br />action later. This counter action varies among signal analysis, monitoring, jamming…etc.<br />This capability is achieved when the SOI and interference signals are either narrowband or<br />wideband. Interference signals may be mutually correlated or mutually uncorrelated with the<br />SOI. Computer simulations using an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel show<br />that the proposed software defined radio system succeeds to completely extract the SOI and<br />correctly recognize its modulation type at 10 dB signal to noise ratio and -3 dB signal to<br />interference ratio.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501MULTIUSER CHANNEL ESTIMATION AND DEECTION FOR WCDMA SYSTEMS1103369710.21608/iceeng.2006.33697ENA.El-BardawenyEgyptian Armed Forces.A.El-MahdyEgyptian Armed Forces.E.SaadSudanese Armed Forces.Journal Article20190529ABSTRACT<br />This paper focuses on the design of a multi-user receiver structure for the reverse link of a<br />Wideband Code-Division Multiple-Access (WCDMA) communication system. The<br />detection is based on a ML-based channel estimation algorithm. Once a composite Channel<br />Impulse Response (CIR) of each user is estimated, it is directly used in the detection<br />process instead of first extracting the individual channel parameters, such as path delays<br />and attenuation factors. The paper presents a framework that facilitates a computationally<br />efficient solution to the combined problem of channel estimation and detection in a multiuser<br />multi-path environment. The performance of the different detectors is evaluated in<br />terms of bit error probability using the estimated composite CIR.Military Technical CollegeThe International Conference on Electrical Engineering2636-443355th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG 200620060501DIRECTION OF ARRIVAL ESTIMATION VIA EXPLOITATION OF CYCLOSTATIONARITY IN A SPACE / TIME ARRAY PROCESSING ALGORITHM1153369810.21608/iceeng.2006.33698ENELSAYED E.AZZOUZASHRAF M.ABD EL-AZIZM. A.Abo El-AzmJournal Article20190529Abstract :<br />This paper is concerned with introducing a direction of arrival estimation (DOA) estimation<br />algorithm that is independent of the bandwidth of the intercepted signals. The proposed<br />algorithm offers a modification to most subspace based DOA estimation algorithms that<br />depend basically on narrowband signals assumption. The basic idea of this modification is the<br />replacement of conventional correlation matrix by a cyclic one. This modification enables the<br />proposed algorithm to deal with both narrowband and wideband signals. In addition, this<br />algorithm requires only that the interference signals are cyclically uncorrelated with SOI. This<br />condition is easier to be achieved than uncorrelation condition that is required by<br />conventional algorithms. Computer simulations using an additive white Gaussian noise<br />(AWGN) channel show that the proposed DOA estimation algorithm succeeds to estimate<br />DOAs of the SOI and interference signals at 10 dB signal to noise ratio and -3 dB signal to<br />interference ratio.